Kung Fu Panda - Tập 12: Thuật Ghi Nhớ tải về miễn phí cuốn sách

Concept Rage alhussainshaker — another slow read but fascinating that it is true.

Enedina Garcia enedinagarcia — No-no boys refer to the Japanese American men and Japanese Nationals who answered "no" to two specific questions on a survey conducted by the US government while they were interned in camps during WWII. 1. Are you willing to serve in the armed forces of the United States on combat duty wherever ordered? 2. Will you swear unqualified allegiance to the United States of America and faithfully defend the United States from any or all attack by foreign or domestic forces, and forswear any form of allegiance or obedience to the Japanese emperor, to any other foreign government, power or organization? It's important to understand the context surrounding the two questions from the questionnaire. The Japanese immigrants and Japanese born American children on the West Coast were forced to live in internment camps on the sole basis of our nation's outright racism toward the Japanese after the bombing on Pearl Harbor. When our military instituted the draft and additional troops were in demand, our government decided that the formerly untrustworthy Japanese Americans men could be asked to serve for their nation. Those interned Japanese Americans who answered NO to question #1 did so because of the blatant disrespect and humiliation they and their families received with FDR's Executive Order 9066. Also, many answered no to the first question because they thought answering yes was the same agreeing to the draft. The second question posed even more contempt and confusion from the camps. By agreeing to swear allegiance to the US, the government was basically implying that the Japanese Americans were formerly swearing allegiance to Japan. Notwithstanding the fact that most of these second-generation Japanese Americans had never even set foot in Japan. In addition, in 1946, Asians immigrants were not permitted to apply for citizenship or obtain citizenship b/c of our country's discriminatory policies. To ask the Isseis (first generation Japanese immigrants) to foreswear allegiance to Japan meant that they would become "men without a country". Those who answered no to both questions were later known as "no-no boys". Because they answered NO to both questions, they were either sent to higher security internment camps or were imprisoned in jail with criminals. And after the war, many of them were looked down upon and in some cases, even resented within their own Japanese American community. John Okada gives a human voice to the untold story of one of these no-no boys. Considering this is one of the very first Asian American novels ever to be published, it should also be considered an important mildstone in contemporary American literature.