Triết Lý Nhân Sinh Trong Cuộc Sống tải về miễn phí cuốn sách

Yong Shi shiyong — Our genes and the promoters that switch them are what determine many of our decisions and physical outcomes. The dominant theme of Ridley's book is that the human genome is not simply a blueprint that will determine what an animal ends up physically, but rather, a flexible entity that also affects the processes of daily life and choices. He argues that environment also plays a role, and the nature v. nurture debate is a ridiculous one, once one sees this. When one studies the effects of genes, promoters, proteins, neurons, it is hard to give dignity to a nature/nurture debate. A gene can be affected by its environment adding another layer to the outcome of an expressed gene. Ridley explains how propogating nerve cells are sensitive to the environment - allowing a switching off/on effect that determines the outcome of that cell or many outcomes. However, it is not a linear effect, but rather a circular one, with environment and heredity playing a role. This makes for a complicated understanding of the processes of the animal body and the brain. I thought it was especially interesting that once again the environment, in the development of children, which has the greatest effect on the outcomes of children is not the household or the parents. I've read this many times before and this idea is well explained in Steven Pinker's The Blank Slate, which offers explanations of how children's environments are their peers - not their parents. It must be then, that in situations where it seems their parents have a huge impact, that in fact, the parents have merely chosen to spend time with other parents just like them, whose children probably have the same values. In societies that are homogenous, it's expected that it will appear that the parents have a huge impact but it's probably the peers that are affecting other children's behavior. That is really a side note, however. Ridley's book is really about the agility of a gene and how there is a complex number of things affecting that gene at different times, and how it will respond differently and sometimes numerously. One cause is not one effect. One cause can be many effects.