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Antonio Alberto zabretony — I had the kind of high hopes for "Dude You're a Fag" that were bound to leave me disappointed. It would've been impossible for the author to exhaustively cover absolutely everything I hoped she would about masculinity and sexual identity development in high school in a couple hundred pages. What's left, then, is a nonfiction work that is at times fascinating and at others deeply frustrating with its lack of information. Pascoe sets out to earn her PhD by studying masculinity within the dynamics of a small town California high school. It's racially diverse and indeed some of her most interesting observations come in the different way that masculinity manifests between White and Black students. (It is a little disappointing that while students of most ethnic backgrounds identify as either Black or White, there's a third socially recognized ethnic group of Latino students who speak no English, but Pascoe fails to interact with them at all since she doesn't speak Spanish. She didn't have a Spanish-speaking friend to help her out? It seems like even interviewing one or two students would've added quite a bit to the study.) The real highlight of the book was the chapter about masculine girls in the school, which primarily documented two very distinct cliques - the popular "basketball girls" who identified primarily as nonwhite and included open lesbians among their ranks, while adopting some of the clothing and culture of straight Black men, and the "GSA girls" who included mostly white lesbians who identified with more of a goth or punk culture. Her observations were fascinating, although I did take some issue with the treatment of the basketball girls' harassment of other female students as mostly harmless. Maybe I've been reading too much Julia Serano for my own good, but my immediate thought was that these girls weren't bending gender stereotypes so much as adopting masculine behaviors and deriving a higher social status from demonizing femininity. When describing how they threw food at other students in the cafeteria, Pascoe dismisses it as almost cute while elsewhere regarding the hazing of the school's only openly gay student Ricky, who has to change routes home because people throw things at him, as tragic and hateful. I am not arguing with the latter point, but failed to see the basketball girls' hazing of feminine students as quite so butch-girls-will-be-butch-girls benign. Perhaps the main area that I wish the book had covered more was how gay males functioned within the school's social structure. The story of Ricky is thorough and heartbreaking, but while Pascoe mentions at least one closeted gay male (one of the drama students), she never actually talks about his experiences beyond that. Since a good part of the book is devoted to how the administrators and school institution reinforce heterosexuality as normative behavior, it would have been nice if her writing and/or research had touched upon what effects of this structured endorsement had upon gay (and for that matter lesbian) students. Unfortunately beyond Ricky's story there's nothing here about gay men, perhaps the biggest disappointment of the book. The very issue of school as structure enforcing heterosexist norms, however, is mentioned repeatedly but never really defended well. Surely society as a whole has enough heterosexually-focused institutions that the high school isn't imposing assumptions on students they won't encounter elsewhere, and while that doesn't defend the practice there's also little time devoted to why the existence of gender-coded graduation gowns, differences in attire expectations between genders, school dances, or even the proclaimed horror of one teacher posting photos her students had given her from their school dances on a wall in the classroom (called by the author a "shrine to heterosexuality") actually hurts students, particularly ones who are not heterosexual. On the whole "Dude You're a Fag" was a fascinating read once I escaped the book's tedious first chapter, which is loaded down with sociology jargon (I'll be happy to never again read a book that contains the word "post-structuralist"). In particular the ways in which sexism and heterosexism were institutionalized and the suggested policy changes made the book a worthwhile read for anyone in a position to change these things. Seeing how ineffective anti-harassment laws can be in the context of school teachers and administrators unwilling to enforce them was sobering, and realizing how different Ricky's fate might have been had he been part of a stable, wealthy family willing to insist upon laws made to protect him being held up made me wonder how at-risk gay teens can be helped effectively.

Amr Alkerm amrkream — This was cheesy but really cute.